Gold Weights and Measures

Determining the value of a piece of gold can be tricky.

First, how much does the metal weigh? While the price of gold is normally quoted in dollars per troy ounce, large inventories are usually reported in metric tons - a completely different scale of measure. And neither weight matches the avoirdupois system which is used to weigh people and almost everything else in the United States. So, how much is your 18k gold bracelet worth? Confused yet?

12 OUNCES EQUALS

For retail gold transactions, the troy ounce is predominant. Most coinage is based in troy ounces and the standard futures contract calls for delivery of 100 troy. The standard gold bar is specified as weighing 350-430 troy ounces, rather than the equivalent number of pounds. Still larger quantities of metal are often quoted in thousands and even millions of troy ounces - to maintain the ounce-based pricing.

At the smaller quantity level used mostly by jewelers, the troy ounce is broken down into 20 pennyweights - or 480 grains. That's it for troy weights. Grains, pennyweights, and ounces are used routinely; pounds and tons rarely.

Less prominent in the United States, but widely used elsewhere to weigh precious metals in all quantities is the beloved metric system. Metric weights are based on the gram, which weighs a bit less than a third of a troy ounce. 1,000 grams are called a kilogram and thousand kilograms (a million grams) equal a tonne - also known as a metric ton.

Here are the conversion factors between the Troy and Metric systems:

TO CONVERT TROY TO METRIC

Grains

To convert to grams multiply x.0648

Pennyweights

To convert to grams multiply x 1.555

Ounces

To convert to grams multiply x 31.10

To convert to kilograms multiplyx 0.031104

To convert to metric tons multiply x 0.000031

TO CONVERT TO TROY

Grams

To convert to grains multiply x 15.43

To convert to pennyweights multiply x.643

To convert to ounces multiply x.032

Kilograms

To convert to ounces multiply x 32.15

To convert to pennyweights multiply x 643.015

Tonnes

To convert to ounces multiply x 32,150.75

Use of these conversion factors eliminates the potential error which would result from using the lighter avoirdupois ounce. If you sell a kilogram bar, you'll be paid based on 32.15 troy ounces - not the 35.3 ounces you might expect if you weighed your bar on an avoirdupois scale.

And while there are other systems of weight - apothecary drams, imperial stone, avoirdupois ounces, etc - you can forget them! They aren't used for precious metals.

The carat is a particularly confusing customer. Yes, it is a measure of weight - but gemstone weight, not precious metal weight. A carat, with respect to gold, is a measure of purity. And to muddy the issue a tad more, it's abbreviated as k or kt.

Measuring the Purity of gold

Back to that 18k gold bracelet. It's 75% gold, because pure gold is too soft to be used as jewelry. Pure gold jewelry would be easily bent or scratched, so alloys are added to harden it.

Strictly speaking there is no such thing as 100% pure gold. Investment grade gold bullion and coins are generally refined to contain in excess of 99% gold content. And while there are different measures of gold purity, each ultimately describes the proportion of precious metal to alloy.

Carat

Again, not a weight for gold - a measure of purity for gold jewelry:

24 carat 99.9% or higher gold
22 carat 91.6%
21 carat 87.5%
20 carat 83.3%
18 carat 75.0%
15 carat 62.5%
14 carat 58.5%

Fineness

Fineness is expressed in parts per thousand, just as percentage is parts per hundred. Fineness is the purity standard specification for investment grade bullion and coins. The London Bullion Market Association requires that bars for good delivery be at least 999.0 fine - or 99.9%.

To find the value of your gold, multiply the weight in troy ounces by the percentage of actual gold content and then, times the price per ounce.

For that bracelet: 2 ounces (troy) x.75 x gold at 00/ounce = 00 actual gold value

Which, of course, doesn't include sentimental value.

Gold Weights and Measures

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Weights & Measures in Japan

Like every nation on Earth except Liberia, Myanmar and the United States, Japan relies on the metric system for most of its weights and measures. While you may be used to the antiquated and difficult British Imperial system used in the U.S., the fact is that anyone who can add, subtract, multiply and divide by tens will have a very easy time with weight conversion the "metric way." Weight conversion charts that can fit into your purse or wallet are easy to get and fairly inexpensive; alternatively, you may prefer a weight conversion calculator, which can be purchased from many sources for around or so.

In any case, anyone who is considering a journey to Japan will do well to have access to weight conversion table in order to facilitate metric weight conversion tasks.

12 OUNCES EQUALS

A Short History of Weights and Measures

If you find the old style system of pounds and ounces confusing, the one thing you can say about it is that such weight conversions are at least consistent. In the old days, weights and measures were based on arbitrary factors that were not at all consistent. Biblical scholars will recall such units as the "cubit" or the "talent." The former was equivalent to the distance between a man's elbow and the tip of his middle finger; the latter was a measure that was equal to the volume of an amphora, the size of which could vary from one region of the Mediterranean to another. The inconsistencies and difficulties involved with these types of weight conversions should be obvious.

Although more complicated than the metric system, the old Japanese shakkan-ho standard of weights and measures - still used in the sake (rice wine) manufacturing industry - is remarkably consistent. The base unit is known as sho, which is the standard size for a bottle of sake - just short of two liters, which a weight conversion chart or weight conversion calculator will show you is roughly equivalent to half a gallon.

Buying Food and Drink in Japan

Whereas food and drink in the US is sold in pounds and ounces, grocers in Japan deal in grams, kilograms and liters for all measurements other than sake. A kilogram is equal to 2.2 U.S. pounds, and a gram is 1/1000th of this amount. Understanding this will make your weight conversion tasks much easier, whether or not you have a weight conversion calculator or a metric conversion chart with you.

Weights & Measures in Japan

12 OUNCES EQUALS